What’s the difference between syntax and domain validation?
Syntax validation checks format correctness: proper structure (local@domain), allowed characters, and RFC compliance. It catches obviously invalid addresses like missing @ symbols or illegal characters. Fast and deterministic but limited.
Domain validation verifies the domain exists and accepts email: DNS resolution, MX record presence, and domain configuration. It catches addresses at non-existent or non-mail domains. Requires DNS queries but still fast.
Neither confirms the specific mailbox exists. An address can pass both checks yet bounce because the specific user doesn't exist. Deeper verification requires mailbox-level checking, which adds complexity and limitations.
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