Will spam disappear, or just evolve?

Spam won't disappear: as long as **bulk email** has value and cost approaches zero, spam economics persist. Filtering improvements shift techniques rather than eliminating activity.

Evolution trajectory: spam becomes more sophisticated (AI-generated, personalized), shifts to less-filtered channels (messaging apps), and adapts to new defensive techniques continuously.

Equilibrium: filtering keeps spam manageable but not eliminated. The arms race continues indefinitely. Improvement comes from making spam less profitable through better filtering, legal enforcement, and reducing response rates.