What’s the best time to test (before or after warming)?

Testing timing depends on your goals:

During warming: Test periodically to catch problems before they compound. Early detection prevents wasted warming effort.

After warming stabilizes: Test to establish your baseline placement with mature reputation. This becomes your benchmark.

Before campaigns: Always test pre-send regardless of warming status.

New domains and IPs should test throughout the warming process. Established senders should test regularly and before major sends.

Check your position at each stage of the voyage, not just at the destination.