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What’s the difference between the sending IP and domain IP?

These are often different addresses:

Domain IP (A record): Where your website is hosted. What tidalmail.com resolves to for web traffic.

Sending IP: The IP address your mail server uses to connect to receivers. May be completely different.

Why they differ:

Web hosting and email hosting are often separate services.

ESPs send from their own IPs, not yours.

Large senders have dedicated mail server IPs.

Authentication alignment:

SPF authorizes sending IPs.

PTR records are for sending IPs.

A records are for service connectivity.

Your business address and your shipping dock address can be in different locations.