How does a DNS lookup work?

A DNS lookup follows a hierarchical path:

Query initiation: Your computer asks a recursive resolver (often your ISP or a public resolver like 8.8.8.8) for a record.

Cache check: The resolver checks if it has a recent cached answer.

Recursive lookup: If not cached, the resolver queries root servers, then TLD servers, then authoritative nameservers for the domain.

Response: The authoritative server returns the record. The resolver caches it and passes it back to you.

The entire process typically takes milliseconds but can be affected by caching, propagation delays, and server availability.

Like asking a harbor agent who consults port records and regional authorities to find where your ship should dock.