What are CASL restrictions on unsolicited messages?

Canada's Anti-Spam Legislation (CASL) is among the world's strictest email regulations, requiring consent before sending commercial electronic messages.

Express consent: The recipient explicitly agreed to receive messages. Must be documented and specific about message types.

• Implied consent exists in limited circumstances:
• Existing business relationship (purchase or inquiry in past 2 years, contract in past 2 years)
• Conspicuously published business email where the message relates to recipient's role or business (not broad marketing)
• Personal relationship or family relationship
• Requirements for all messages:

• Identify the sender clearly
• Provide contact information
• Include working unsubscribe mechanism
• Honor unsubscribe within 10 business days

Penalties:

• Up to $1 million CAD per violation for individuals
• Up to $10 million CAD per violation for organizations
• Private right of action allows recipients to sue

CASL applies if either sender or recipient is in Canada. Organizations targeting Canadian markets must comply.