When did authentication protocols (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) emerge?
SPF appeared around 2003, DKIM around 2005, and DMARC in 2012. SPF came from the merger of a few competing proposals. DKIM started as DomainKeys at Yahoo. DMARC was created by a group of large receivers and senders including PayPal Google Microsoft and Yahoo who were tired of phishing campaigns.
Together these protocols let receiving servers verify that a message really comes from the domain it claims to come from and decide what to do when it does not. It is the equivalent of verified flags signed cargo and written instructions at the port.
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