Do spam reports always damage reputation?

Almost Always Yes. Spam reports are strong negative signals that damage reputation. Even justified complaints (user legitimately does not want mail) indicate problems with targeting or relevance.

Some complaint noise exists from accidental clicks or users who complain about everything. But aggregate complaint rates matter significantly for reputation.

Monitor and minimize complaints through easy unsubscribe, proper consent, relevant content, and good targeting. Treat any complaint seriously as an indicator requiring attention.