How do fake “hacked your webcam” scams operate?

These scams claim attackers recorded victims through webcam while viewing adult content. They demand cryptocurrency payment to prevent video distribution to contacts. Almost always completely false.

Believability tactics: including real passwords (from data breaches) as "proof," technical-sounding claims about **malware**, and specific details suggesting surveillance. Breached passwords create fear but don't indicate actual access.

Reality: mass-sent emails using breached credential lists. No actual webcam access, no real video. Physical webcam covers provide peace of mind, but the threat itself is typically empty.