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How do I troubleshoot DKIM signature validation failures?

Check:

whether the public key in DNS matches the private key

whether the DNS record contains hidden characters or line breaks

whether the signed headers were altered by a mailing list or forwarder

whether the canonicalization choice was too strict

whether the selector exists and resolves

Most DKIM issues occur from formatting mistakes in DNS or message modification during transit.

A failure will be reported in the Authentication Results header defined in RFC 8601 as `dkim=fail`. The most common reasons are `body-hash-mismatch` (caused by forwarding or content modification) or `key-not-found` (caused by DNS errors).