What protocols make email work (SMTP, POP, IMAP)?
SMTP sends messages, while POP3 and IMAP receive them.
SMTP is the push mechanism that transfers mail between servers.
POP3 is a pull method that downloads and often deletes messages from the server.
IMAP is a modern sync method that keeps mail mirrored across all devices.
These protocols make email universal.
Without them, Gmail could not exchange messages with Outlook or Apple Mail, the global tide of communication would stop moving.
Use IMAP when possible; it keeps your email accessible everywhere.
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